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1. Harvest cells from a culture that is at or near peak density by centrifugation at 800 x g for 5 min. The cells grown in a medium containing agar are concentrated by centrifugation, a solid pellet does not form. The soft pellet is resuspended to desired cell concentration with agar-free supernatant.
2. Adjust the concentration of cells to 2 x 10⁶  to  2 x 10⁷/mL in fresh medium.
3. While cells are centrifuging prepare a 10% (v/v) solution of sterile DMSO in fresh medium.
   1. Add 1.0 mL of DMSO to an ice cold 20 x 150 mm screw-capped test tube.
   2. Place the tube on ice and allow the DMSO to solidify (~5 min) and then add 9.0 mL of ice cold medium.
   3. Invert several times to dissolve the DMSO.
   4. Allow to warm to room temperature.
4. Mix the cell preparation and the DMSO in equal portions. Thus, the final concentration will be 10⁶ to  10⁷ cells/mL and 5% (v/v) DMSO. The time from the mixing of the cell preparation and DMSO stock solution before the freezing process is begun should no less than 15 min and no longer than 30 min.
5. Dispense in 0.5 mL aliquots into 1.0 mL to 2.0 mL sterile plastic screw-capped cryules (special plastic vials for cryopreservation).
6. Place the vials in a controlled rate freezing unit.  From room temperature cool at -1°C/min to -40°C.  If the freezing unit can compensate for the heat of fusion, maintain rate at -1°C/min through the heat of fusion.  At -40°C plunge into liquid nitrogen. Alternatively, place the vials in a Nalgene 1°C freezing apparatus.  Place the apparatus at -80°C for 1.5 to 2 hours and then plunge ampules into liquid nitrogen.  (The cooling rate in this apparatus is approximately -1°C/min.)  
7. The frozen preparations should be stored in either the vapor or liquid phase of a nitrogen refrigerator. Frozen preparations stored below -130°C are stabile indefinitely. Those stored at temperatures above -130°C are progressively less stabile as the storage temperature is elevated. Vials should not be stored above -55°C.
8. To establish a culture from the frozen state place an ampule in a water bath set at 35°C. Immerse the vial just to a level just above the surface of the frozen material. Do not agitate the vial.
9. Immediately after thawing, do not leave in the water bath, aseptically remove the contents of the ampule and inoculate a 16 x 125 mm screw-capped test tube containing either 9 mL of ATCC medium 361 (completed with serum) or 13 mL ATCC Medium 2154 adjusted to pH 6.0.
10. Incubate the culture at 35°C with the cap screwed on tightly (tube should be vertical for medium 361 or on a 15° horizontal slant for medium 2154).

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Benchimol M. Hydrogenosome morphological variation induced by fibronectin and other drugs in Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus. Parasitol. Res. 87: 215-222, 2001. PubMed: 11293569

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Lecke SB, et al. Trichomonas vaginalis: microtubule cytoskeleton distribution using fluorescent taxoid. Exp. Parasitol. 102: 113-116, 2002.

Mattos A, et al. Fine structure and isozymic characterization of trichomonadid protozoa. Parasitol. Res. 83: 290-295, 1997. PubMed: 9089728

Rosset I, et al. Scanning electron microscopy in the investigation of the in vitro hemolytic activity of Trichomonas vaginalis. Parasitol. Res. 88: 356-359, 2002. PubMed: 11999024

Tai JH, et al. The divergence of Trichomonas vaginalis virus RNAs among various isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis. Exp. Parasitol. 76: 278-286, 1993. PubMed: 8500587

Vanacova S, et al. Characterization of Trichomonad species and strains by PCR fingerprinting. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 44: 545-552, 1997. PubMed: 9435127

Nucleotide (GenBank) : L29561 Trichomonas vaginalis (clones TVARD1278 and TV1RD1267) small subunit ribosomal RNA gene, 3' end; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; large subunit ribosomal RNA gene, 5'end.